Circle National Trust Receives Final OCC Approval to Operate as US Bank

Circle National Trust has secured final approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to operate as a US bank. This milestone follows a series of conditional approvals granted to other major industry players, including Ripple, BitGo, Fidelity, and Paxos in late 2025, as well as preliminary clearance for Coinbase earlier this year.

Under the terms of this charter, the entity is permitted to function within the US banking system but faces specific operational limitations. It is prohibited from accepting ordinary deposits or issuing loans, distinguishing its role from traditional retail banking institutions while integrating it into the federal regulatory framework.

Key facts

  • Circle National Trust announced its final approval on July 10, 2026.
  • The OCC conditionally approved Ripple, BitGo, Fidelity, and Paxos on December 12, 2025.
  • Coinbase received preliminary conditional approval on April 2, 2026.
  • The approved trust cannot take ordinary deposits or make loans.
  • New OCC and FDIC rules took effect on June 9, 2026.
  • The new rules prohibit adverse actions based solely on reputation risk for lawful activity.

Why it matters

This development highlights a shifting regulatory landscape where crypto-related entities are gaining formal access to the US banking charter system. The simultaneous implementation of rules preventing regulators from penalizing lawful activities based on reputation risk suggests a move toward more objective supervisory standards, potentially reducing arbitrary barriers for compliant firms operating in the digital asset space.

Sources

Jurisdiction: United States. Regulator: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Instrument: National Trust Charter approval alongside new operational rules effective June 9, 2026. Affected Parties: Circle National Trust, with precedent set for Ripple, BitGo, Fidelity, and Paxos (conditional approvals Dec 12, 2025) and Coinbase (preliminary clearance Apr 2, 2026). Key Constraint: The charter explicitly prohibits accepting ordinary deposits or issuing loans, distinguishing this entity from traditional retail banks despite its federal integration. Remaining Uncertainty: The new rules prohibit adverse actions based solely on reputation risk for lawful activity. However, the boundary between lawful digital asset operations and prohibited reputational exposure remains undefined in practice. This creates a regulatory gap where firms may operate legally yet face supervisory friction if regulators interpret “reputation risk” broadly. The map shows a clear path for non-depository trust structures, but the enforcement mechanism for the reputation risk shield is untested.

Regarding “Circle National Trust Receives Final OCC Approval”, what evidence would clearly distinguish changed behavior from activity merely shifting elsewhere over time?